Palangkaraya, kota (city), capital of Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. Palangkaraya lies near the west bank of the Kahayan River, in the south-central region of the island of Borneo. It was occupied by the Japanese during World War II and was the principal city of Great Dayak, an autonomous state created in 1945 that became part of Indonesia in 1950.
The population consists mainly of Dayaks (various non-Muslim indigenous peoples of the interior regions), followed by Malays, Javanese, and smaller numbers of Chinese and others. Until the early 21st century, there was a notable Madurese population, but most left the city in the wake of violent conflict with the local Dayak and Malay communities. Most of the Dayaks are Christians, but some practice local religions.
Palangkaraya’s notable household industries include wood carving, basketry, and beadwork. Riverine transport connects the city with Kualakurun upstream and with Banjarmasin, the provincial capital of South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan), in the coastal region. An airport links Palangkaraya to other cities in Indonesia, most notably Jakarta and Surabaya on the island of Java. Palangkaraya University (founded 1963) is located in the city. Pop. (2010) 200,608.