Pamplona, city, Norte de Santander departamento, northeastern Colombia. It is sited in the Andean Cordillera Oriental at an elevation of 7,503 feet (2,287 metres), on the Pamplonita River. Founded in 1549, it was famed during the colonial era for its mineral production. Although it has been damaged by earthquakes (most severely in 1644 and 1875), much colonial architecture survives. Particularly noteworthy are the cathedral and the former monasteries of San Francisco, Santo Domingo, and San Agustín. The city’s industries include textile mills, breweries, and distilleries. Coal is mined in the vicinity. The University of Pamplona was founded in 1960. Pamplona lies on the Pan-American Highway, 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Cúcuta, the departmental capital. Pop. (2007 est.) 49,646.