Pardubice, city, north-central Czech Republic, at the confluence of the Labe and Chrudimka rivers, east of Prague. Originating in the 13th century as a trade mart, it received civil rights in 1340 and by 1490 had become a possession of the Czech Pernštejn family, who renovated it in Renaissance style during the 16th century. The town was razed by Swedish troops in 1645. Its square is an architectural showplace, with a row of outstanding patrician houses, a 16th-century Gothic castle, and the Green Gate (Zelená brána, 1507). The Italian arcade-style Litomyšl Castle was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1999. Mount Kunětická, 4 miles (6 km) northeast, is a cone-shaped basaltic hill (1,006 feet [305 meters]), site of a prehistoric burial ground, topped by a 15th-century castle ruin.
Pardubice is known for horse racing, particularly its Grand Pardubice Steeplechase, and for motorcycle track meets. It has a regional museum for eastern Bohemia and an Institute of Chemical Technology (1950). Industries include engineering, sugar refining, brewing, and, since World War II, oil refining. The town is an important road and rail junction and a cultural and administrative center. Pop. (2021) 89,619.