Comprehension Quiz: Cold War

Question: After World War II this U.S.-sponsored program supplied much-needed economic aid to western Europe.

Answer: Between 1948 and 1951 the European Recovery Program—called the Marshall Plan, named for U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall—injected billions of dollars of aid into the war-ravaged economies of Europe.

Question: The Cold War turned hot in 1950 when Soviet-backed troops from this country invaded South Korea.

Answer: On June 25, 1950, North Korean soldiers struck across the 38th parallel and began a three-year conflict that claimed at least 2.5 million lives.

Question: These discussions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the 1970s were intended to curtail the arms race between the two nuclear superpowers.

Answer: The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) set limits on the number of strategic nuclear missiles and antimissile systems that could be fielded by the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Question: The unsuccessful Soviet blockade of this city marked an early victory for the U.S.

Answer: For nearly 11 months the Allies maintained a lifeline to the residents of West Berlin by air.

Question: This Soviet leader introduced a series of reforms that hastened the collapse of the Soviet Union, effectively ending the Cold War.

Answer: Gorbachev''s perestroika ("restructuring") and glasnost ("openness") policies fundamentally altered Soviet economic and political structures, weakening the Communist Party and ultimately leading to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

Question: Who coined the term "Cold War"?

Answer: Orwell predicted that the post-World War II international order would be a nuclear stalemate between “two or three monstrous super-states, each possessed of a weapon by which millions of people can be wiped out in a few seconds.”

Question: NATO stands for:

Answer: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established on April 4, 1949, to act as a counterweight to Soviet armies stationed in central and eastern Europe after World War II.

Question: The stationing of nuclear-armed missiles in this country brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war in October 1962.

Answer: U.S. President John F. Kennedy initiated a naval blockade after Soviet nuclear missiles were discovered in Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S. mainland. For two weeks the world teetered on the brink of nuclear oblivion until Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev backed down and withdrew the missiles.

Question: The death of this Soviet leader in 1953 brought a temporary relaxation of Cold War tensions.

Answer: Everyone (on both sides) rested a little easier once Stalin was out of the picture.

Question: The two superpowers involved in the Cold War were the United States and…

Answer: The World War II alliance between the Soviets and the Americans began to unravel almost immediately upon Germany''s surrender.