The best single volume on Salazar, despite its age, continues to be Hugh Kay, Salazar and Modern Portugal (1970). Other works include R.A.H. Robinson, Contemporary Portugal: A History (1979), a succinct but comprehensive account of Salazar’s long consulate. Salazar’s ideas and style of thinking may be gleaned from a collection of speeches in António de Oliveira Salazar, Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928–1939, trans. from Portuguese by Robert Edgar Boughton (1939). Douglas L. Wheeler, “António de Oliveira Salazar, 1889–1970,” in James A. Moncure (ed.), Research Guide to European Historical Biography, vol. 3 (1992), provides an outline of events.