Aristomenes

Aristomenes, traditional hero of an unsuccessful revolt against the Spartans by the Messenians, who had been enslaved by Sparta in the 8th century bc. Although Aristomenes is probably a historical figure, his career has been heavily overlaid with legend; the standard version makes him a leader of a rebellion about 650 bc—the so-called Second Messenian War. After several victories he was betrayed by King Aristocrates of Arcadia at the battle of “the Great Trench.” For about 11 years he was besieged in Eira, Messenia. When the Spartans finally conquered that stronghold, Aristomenes escaped to live in exile on the island of Rhodes.

This tradition can probably be traced to the Greek historian Callisthenes of the 4th century bc. Rhianus, a Cretan poet of the 3rd century bc, wrote an epic in six books, placing Aristomenes in a revolt of 490 bc. In the 2nd century bc the historian Myron of Priene connected him with the original 8th-century Spartan conquest of Messenia. From these and other sources the Greek geographer Pausanias in the 2nd century ad compiled the longest surviving account, a story of the 7th-century rebellion with romantic embellishments drawn largely from Rhianus.