Bill English

Bill English (born December 30, 1961, Lumsden, New Zealand) is a New Zealand politician who became leader of the National Party and prime minister of New Zealand in December 2016 when three-time prime minister John Key unexpectedly resigned. English served as prime minister until October 2017 and as party leader until February 2018.

English grew up in a large family on a 125-year-old farm in the Southland region of New Zealand. After attending St. Patrick’s College, a Catholic boys boarding school in suburban Wellington, he matriculated at Otago University (B.A. Commerce) and Victoria University (B.A. English Literature) and then returned to Southland to begin a brief career as a farmer. In 1980 he joined the National Party, and in 1990 he was first elected to the House of Representatives representing the Wallace (now Clutha-Southland) district.

English distinguished himself early in his political career, and his rise through the ranks of the National Party was swift. In 1996 he became health minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister James Bolger, and he also served as treasurer and finance minister (among other posts) before the government headed by Jennifer Shipley was voted out of office in 1999. Having replaced Shipley as party leader in 2001, English led the National Party in the 2002 general election, in which it was trounced by the Labour Party and popular Prime Minister Helen Clark. In 2003 English was replaced as party leader by Don Brash, for whom English served as spokesperson on education and the Security Intelligence Service. When Key became party leader, English assumed the mantle of spokesperson on finance. Following the National Party’s victory in the 2008 election, English became minister of finance and deputy prime minister in the government headed by Key. Under English’s direction New Zealand’s economy maintained steady growth during Key’s three terms as prime minister.

The charismatic, gregarious Key and the more laconic self-deprecating English formed an effective partnership, and, when Key surprised New Zealanders with the announcement of his resignation in December 2016 (to be able to spend more time with his family), he threw his support to English as his successor. English faced an initial challenge for the leadership from Jonathan Coleman, the health minister, and Judith Collins, the corrections minister, but they both withdrew their candidacies when it became clear that English had the support necessary to become party leader and prime minister. He took office on December 12.

Projecting the image of an assured experienced hand on the tiller of government, English led the party into the September 2017 general election. Opinion polling had forecast a poor showing in the election for the Labour Party, but in early August 37-year-old Jacinda Ardern took over as Labour leader and seemingly energized younger voters. In the event, the National Party captured about 46 percent of the vote and 58 seats in the 120-seat House of Representatives, not quite enough to establish majority rule. Labour took about 36 percent of the vote and 45 seats, but it had the support of the Green Party, winner of seven seats in the election. With special votes (those by New Zealanders who were overseas or who had registered to vote on polling day) still to be counted, both English and Ardern began courting the populist New Zealand First party (winners of nine seats) as a potential partner in a coalition government.

The tallying of those special votes resulted in the loss of two seats for the National Party. After protracted negotiations, on October 19, 2017, Winston Peters, the leader of New Zealand First, announced that his party would be entering a coalition government led by Labour and Ardern. Once again English had been at the helm for a National Party election loss. In February 2018 English announced that he was retiring from politics, and shortly thereafter he stepped down as party leader and gave up his seat in the House of Representatives.