George Moore

George Moore (born February 24, 1852, Ballyglass, County Mayo, Ireland—died January 21, 1933, London, England) was an Irish novelist and man of letters. Considered an innovator in fiction in his day, he no longer seems as important as he once did.

Moore came from a distinguished Catholic family of Irish landholders. When he was 21, he left Ireland for Paris to become a painter. Moore’s Reminiscences of the Impressionist Painters (1906) vividly described the Café Nouvelle-Athènes and the circle of Impressionist painters who frequented it. Moore was particularly friendly with Édouard Manet, who sketched three portraits of him. Another account of the years in Paris, in which he introduced the younger generation in England to his version of fin de siècle decadence, was his first autobiography, Confessions of a Young Man (1888).

Deciding that he had no talent for painting, he returned to London in 1882 to write. His first novels, A Modern Lover (1883) and A Mummer’s Wife (1885), introduced a new note of French Naturalism into the English scene, and he later adopted the realistic techniques of Gustave Flaubert and Honoré de Balzac. Esther Waters (1894), his best novel, deals with the plight of a servant girl who has a baby out of wedlock; it is a story of hardship and humiliation illumined by the novelist’s compassion. It was an immediate success, and he followed it with works in a similar vein: Evelyn Innes (1898) and Sister Teresa (1901).

In 1901 Moore moved to Dublin, partly because of his loathing for the South African War, partly because of the Irish literary renaissance spearheaded by his friend, the poet William Butler Yeats. In Dublin he contributed notably to the planning of the Abbey Theatre. He also produced The Untilled Field (1903), a volume of fine short stories reminiscent of Ivan Turgenev’s writing that focuses on the drudgery of Irish rural life, and a short poetic novel, The Lake (1905). The real fruits of his life in Ireland, however, came with the trilogy Hail and Farewell (Ave, 1911; Salve, 1912; Vale, 1914). Discursive, affectionate, and satirical by turns, it reads like a sustained monologue that is both a carefully studied piece of self-revelation and an acute (though not always reliable) portrait gallery of his Irish acquaintance, which included Yeats, Æ, and Lady Gregory. Above all it is a perfectly modulated display of the comic spirit.

The increasing narrowness of the Irish mind, politics, and clericalism had sent Moore back to England in 1911. After Hail and Farewell he made another literary departure: aiming at epic effect he produced The Brook Kerith (1916), an elaborate and stylish retelling of the Gospel story that is surprisingly effective despite some dull patches. He continued his attempts to find a prose style worthy of epic theme in Héloïse and Abélard (1921). His other works included A Story-Teller’s Holiday (1918), a blend of autobiography, anecdote, Irish legend, and satire; Conversations in Ebury Street (1924), autobiography; The Pastoral Loves of Daphnis and Chloe (1924); and Ulick and Soracha (1926), an Irish legendary romance.