- In full:
- Howard Winchester Hawks
- Died:
- December 26, 1977, Palm Springs, California (aged 81)
Although Christian Nyby was credited as the director and Hawks only as the producer of The Thing from Another World (1951; also known as The Thing), this chilling adaptation of John W. Campbell’s classic science-fiction story “Who Goes There?” bears all the hallmarks of a Hawks film (not least in its overlapping dialogue). It marked Hawks’s only foray into that genre, but it has been recognized by many cineasts as one of the best science-fiction films of the 1950s. The Big Sky (1952) starred Kirk Douglas as a fur trapper working his way along the Missouri River, while Monkey Business (1952), a goofy yarn about a scientist who discovers a rejuvenation serum, was a collaboration between Hawks, Grant, rising star Marilyn Monroe, and scenarists Hecht, Charles Lederer, and I.A.L. Diamond.
Hawks saw Monroe’s comedy potential and guided her in her breakthrough vehicle, the effervescent Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953). In it Hawks cleverly juxtaposed an essentially deglamourized Monroe with the iconic sex symbol Jane Russell. Land of the Pharaohs (1955), a handsome but unremarkable account of the building of the Great Pyramid at Giza, was Hawk’s least-favourite of his films.
It would be several years before Hawks took on another project, but his triumphal return to filmmaking, Rio Bravo (1959), was hailed as one of the best westerns ever made. Scripted by Brackett and Furthman, Rio Bravo was unlike many other classic westerns (The Searchers [1956], Shane [1953], or High Noon[1952]) in offering humour as well as action. The story, which is not highly original, is fundamentally an inversion of the plot of High Noon, which Hawks patiently allowed to unspool slowly, making the most of many semi-improvised bits of business by the actors. Wayne turned in a well-rounded performance as a gruff-but-caring sheriff who helps a rummy (Dean Martin in arguably his best screen performance) earn back his self-respect. In the process the sheriff learns how also to accept help himself—from a sultry dance-hall girl (Angie Dickinson), a cocky gunfighter (Rick Nelson), and a cantankerous deputy (Walter Brennan).
Final films
Hatari! (1962) was steeped in the colour of big-game trapping in Africa, with Wayne as the head of the team and Elsa Martinelli as the fearless photographer who earns his grudging admiration. In the comedy Man’s Favorite Sport? (1964), Rock Hudson played a role in the Grant vein of an expert department-store fly caster who is sent by his boss to enter a fishing competition—a sport he knows nothing about. Red Line 7000 (1965) was Hawks’s disappointing return to the world of race-car driving (last visited in the 1930s in The Crowd Roars), although then-unknown James Caan is well cast as the troubled hero. El Dorado (1967), with Caan, Wayne, and Robert Mitchum, was either a sequel to or a remake of Rio Bravo, with Mitchum in Martin’s role. Rio Lobo (1970), yet another variation on the formula, found Wayne supported by an odd cast that included Jennifer O’Neill and future studio head Sherry Lansing. It would prove to be Hawks’s last picture, some 45 years after he completed his first. In 1975 he was presented with an Academy Award for lifetime achievement.
Michael Barson