Irnerius

Irnerius (born c. 1050, Bologna [Italy]—died in or after 1125, Bologna) was one of the scholars who revived Roman legal studies in Italy and the first of a long series of noted legal glossators and teachers of law (late 11th–middle 13th century) at the University of Bologna.

Originally a teacher of the liberal arts, Irnerius studied law in Rome at the insistence of Matilda of Canossa, countess of Tuscany, who later employed him on diplomatic missions, as did the Holy Roman emperor Henry V. He is believed to have delivered his first law lectures at Bologna between 1084 and 1088 and to have taught Bulgarus, the most prominent of the second generation of Bolognese glossators. Irnerius’s most ambitious work was an annotation of the Corpus juris civilis, also known as the Code of Justinian, by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I (reigned 527–565). Irnerius was among the first scholars to write such marginal “glosses” on Roman law, a practice from which the name of his school, “glossators,” was derived. His Summa Codicis was the first systematic exposition of Roman law produced in the Middle Ages.