Johannes von Tepl

Johannes von Tepl (born c. 1350, Tepl or Schüttwa, Bohemia [now in Czech Republic]—died c. 1415, Prague) was a Bohemian author of the remarkable dialogue Der Ackermann aus Böhmen (c. 1400; Death and the Ploughman), the first important prose work in the German language.

After taking a degree at Prague University, he was appointed, probably before 1378, a notary in Saaz (Žatec), and he became headmaster of the grammar school there in 1383. In 1411 he became a notary of Prague New Town, where he remained until his death.

In the Ackermann—which, though described in a Latin dedication as an exercise in rhetoric, probably arose from the death of the author’s first wife in 1400—a plowman, representing Man, bitterly accuses Death of unjust dealings toward humanity. Death’s counterarguments reconcile the plowman to the necessity of Death’s activities, though the plowman still champions human nobility against Death’s more negative view. God, the judge, awards Death the victory but Man the honour. Its complex structure, vigorous rhythmical prose, and expression of human grief make this work—despite the uncertain state of the text—unique in medieval German literature. Widely regarded as essentially medieval in thought and even in technique, it contains elements of Renaissance literature and humanistic thought.