John X. Merriman

John X. Merriman (born March 15, 1841, Street, Somerset, Eng.—died Aug. 1, 1926, near Stellenbosch, Union of South Africa) was a statesman who served as prime minister of the Cape Colony from 1908 to 1910.

In 1849 Merriman moved with his family to Cape Colony. He was educated at the diocesan college, Rondebosch, and at Radley College in England. He returned to the Cape in 1861, engaged in land surveying, and later became a dealer in diamonds and a wine merchant.

Merriman’s chief interest, however, was politics. He served as a member of the Cape House of Assembly from 1869 to 1910 and as the commissioner of public works in two Cape ministries (1875–78 and 1881–84). He was an outspoken opponent of confederation in his early career and was also an advocate of Anglo-Boer cooperation. Merriman was a close friend of British financier Cecil Rhodes, who became Prime Minister of the Cape in 1890, and served as treasurer in his cabinet (1890–93). After the abortive Jameson Raid (Dec. 29, 1895) into the Transvaal, which Rhodes had been involved in, Merriman broke with Rhodes and became a vigorous opponent of the mining interests and British imperialism. He joined the ministry of Cape prime minister William Schreiner in 1898, again serving as treasurer. Merriman worked unsuccessfully to avert the South African War (1899–1902) and resigned in 1900 over his government’s harsh treatment of Cape rebels.

As a spokesman for the anti-imperialist English-speaking population with pro-Afrikaner sentiments, Merriman became the natural leader of the Cape Colony’s South African Party, which was founded in 1903. Becoming prime minister in February 1908, he undertook the twofold mission of restoring the colony’s postwar finances and promoting a unitary constitution for a unified South Africa, comprising the Cape Colony, Natal, the Orange Free State, and the Transvaal. He was a member of the delegation that took the Union Bill to London in 1909. Passed over for the premiership in the new Union of South Africa, a disappointed Merriman rejected Louis Botha’s offer to join his cabinet. As a private member of the Union Parliament, he supported the governments of Botha and Jan Smuts until he retired in 1924.