Mahadevi Varma

Mahadevi Varma (born 1907, Farrukhabad, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh [now in Uttar Pradesh], India—died September 11, 1987, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India) was an Indian writer, activist, and leading poet of the Chhayavad movement in Hindi literature.

Varma, whose father was a professor of English, obtained a master’s degree in Sanskrit from the University of Allahabad. As one of the principal figures of the Chhayavad school of Hindi literature, her verse carries an intense underlying pathos. Some of her poetry includes Nihaar (1930), Rashmi (1932), Niraja (1934), and Sandhya geet (1936), all collected in Yama (1940).

Varma’s support for women’s rights runs throughout her prose writings, many of which appeared in Chand, a women’s magazine, and were later compiled as a book, Shrinkhla ki kariyan (1942; “Chains of Subjugation”). Ateet ke chalachitra (1941; Sketches from My Past), a collection of short stories based on her interactions with women who touched her life during her stint as principal of a school for girls, is considered one of her best works. Other prominent works include Smriti ki rekhaen (1943; A Pilgrimage to the Himalayas, and Other Silhouettes from Memory), Path ke saathi (1956; “Companions in Travel”), and Mera parivaar (1971; “My Family”).

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Varma was honoured with the Padma Bhushan, one of India’s highest honours, in 1956. For her contributions to Indian literature, she received the Jnanpith Award in 1982.