Richard Reid

Richard Reid (born August 12, 1973, London, England) is a British Islamist militant who gained notoriety as the so-called Shoe Bomber in 2001 after he attempted—by igniting explosives hidden in the soles of his high-top basketball shoes—to blow up an airplane on which he and some 200 other passengers were traveling.

Reid was the only son of an English mother and a Jamaican father who divorced in 1984. His father spent most of Reid’s childhood in prison; Reid himself dropped out of school in 1989, and within a year he had been arrested for a mugging. He spent the next six years in and out of jail.

In 1995 Reid was released from prison, and he embraced Islam, changing his name to Abdel Rahim. Initially his conversion seemed a positive step, and Reid stayed out of trouble. By late 1997, however, he had apparently fallen in with a more-radical group. Reid became more vociferous and militant in his views, reportedly becoming estranged from family members who would not convert to Islam.

In 1998 Reid disappeared from London. He was believed to have traveled to Pakistan and then to Afghanistan, where he received training in terrorist activities at al-Qaeda camps. In the summer of 2001, he returned to England, but in mid-July 2001 he traveled to Israel and then to Egypt, Turkey, Pakistan, and perhaps Afghanistan. In December 2001 he returned to Europe, flying to Brussels and obtaining a new British passport in an apparent attempt to conceal his recent travels.

Later in December Reid purchased with cash an expensive pair of basketball shoes and then took a train to Paris, where he bought (with cash) a round-trip ticket to Antigua on a plane that stopped in Miami. Reid was scheduled to leave on December 21, 2001, but his cash purchase of the plane ticket, his agitated state, and the absence of luggage triggered an extensive security check at the airport; he missed the flight. That evening he went to an Internet café and sent an e-mail to someone in Pakistan, asking advice. His correspondent instructed him to try again, and the next day he successfully boarded American Airlines Flight 63, flying from Paris to Miami. About 90 minutes after the plane took off, a flight attendant smelled sulfur and realized that Reid had lit a match. She made him put it out, but he lit another and attempted to set fire to the tongues of his shoes. When she intervened, Reid attacked her, knocking her down, and then bit another attendant. Passengers quickly responded, holding Reid down, tying him up with belts and cords, and dousing him with water. A doctor on board eventually injected him with sedatives.

After Reid was subdued, the flight was redirected to Boston, where investigators discovered that the soles of his shoes were packed with enough plastic explosives to punch a hole through the side of the plane. Although he was believed to have acted alone, his e-mails and other evidence revealed his connections to al-Qaeda.

In 2002 Reid was charged before a federal court in Boston and pleaded guilty to eight criminal counts. On January 31, 2003, he was sentenced to life in prison without parole on three counts, one of attempted use of a weapon of mass destruction against U.S. nationals outside the United States and two of interference with a flight crew by using a dangerous weapon. Reid was held in the same super-maximum security prison in Colorado that was home to the Unabomber, Ted Kaczynski; Terry Nichols, a conspirator in the Oklahoma City bombing; Atlanta Olympics bomber Eric Rudolph; and al-Qaeda bomber Ramzi Yousef.

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