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Robert the Bruce
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Robert the Bruce
Who was Robert the Bruce, king of Scotland?
statue of Robert the Bruce in Bannockburn, Stirling, Scotland Robert the Bruce Battle of Bannockburn
For Students
Robert I summary
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Robert the Bruce: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

The authoritative biography is G.W.S. Barrow, Robert Bruce & the Community of the Realm of Scotland, 3rd ed. (1988). This gives references to the sources and a full bibliography and supersedes all earlier works. The most important original authority for the life of Robert I is a poem in Scots by John Barbour, The Bruce, probably completed in 1376; a recent edition is ed. and trans. by A.A.M. Duncan (1997).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Bruce Webster
    Former Senior Lecturer in History, University of Kent at Canterbury, England.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: BBC Sounds - Robert Bruce. Dec 16, 2024
Add new Web site: Warfare History Network - Robert the Bruce: Tactics vs. Brute Strength. Oct 22, 2024
Add new Web site: Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh - Robert the Bruce and Leprosy. Sep 10, 2024
Anniversary information added. Jul 07, 2024
Anniversary information added. Jun 03, 2024
First paragraph modernization. Apr 04, 2024
Add new Web site: National Trust for Scotland - Robert the Bruce. Dec 04, 2023
Add new Web site: Ancient Origins - The Long Road Taken By Robert the Bruce’s Heart. Oct 08, 2023
Add new Web site: Heritage History - Robert the Bruce. Aug 14, 2023
Add new Web site: National Museums Scotland - Robert the Bruce. May 18, 2023
Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Biography of Robert the Bruce. Aug 22, 2022
Media added. Jan 23, 2020
Top Questions updated. Aug 30, 2019
Changed article title from Robert I to Robert the Bruce. Nov 04, 2016
Add new Web site: Electric Scotland - Biography of Robert the Bruce. Jun 26, 2014
Add new Web site: Electric Scotland - Biography of Robert the Bruce. Aug 20, 2013
Add new Web site: Old and Sold - Biography of Robert The Bruce. Aug 20, 2013
Add new Web site: Education Scotland - Biography of Robert the Bruce. Aug 20, 2013
Added new Web site: Spartacus Educational - Robert the Bruce. Dec 08, 2008
Added new Web site: BBC Sounds - Robert Bruce. Dec 08, 2008
Added new Web site: Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of Robert the Bruce. Dec 08, 2008
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - History - Biography of Robert Bruce. Oct 31, 2008
Added new Web site: The Home of the Royal Family - Biography of Robert I. May 13, 2007
Added new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of Robert the Bruce.
  • Gaurav Shukla
 May 03, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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