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Shāmil
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Shāmil, detail of a lithograph by V.F. Timm, 1859
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Shāmil, detail of a lithograph by V.F. Timm, 1859
Shāmil, detail of a lithograph by V.F. Timm, 1859

Shāmil

Muslim leader
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Also known as: Schāmil, Schāmyl, Shāmyl
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Quick Facts
Also spelled:
Shāmyl, Schāmil, or Schāmyl
Born:
1797?, Gimry, Dagestan [now in Russia]
Died:
March 1871, Medina?, Arabia
See all related content

Shāmil (born 1797?, Gimry, Dagestan [now in Russia]—died March 1871, Medina?, Arabia) was the leader of Muslim Dagestan and Chechen mountaineers, whose fierce resistance delayed Russia’s conquest of the Caucasus for 25 years. The son of a free landlord, Shāmil studied grammar, logic, rhetoric, and Arabic, acquired prestige as a learned man, and in 1830 joined the Murīdīs, a Ṣūfī (Islāmic mystical) brotherhood. Under the leadership of Ghāzī Muḥammad, the brotherhood had become involved in a holy war against the Russians, who had formally acquired control of Dagestan from Iran in 1813. After Ghāzī Muḥammad was killed by the Russians ...(100 of 343 words)

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