Tivadar Csontváry-Kosztka

Tivadar Csontváry-Kosztka (born July 5, 1853, Kisszeben, Hung. [now Sebinov, Slvk.]—died June 20, 1919, Budapest) was a Hungarian artist, considered by many critics to be Hungary’s greatest painter. He belonged to no specific school of art, but his works included elements similar to those of the foremost painters of Post-Impressionism.

In 1880 he underwent a mystical experience that caused him to abandon his original profession of pharmacist. For the next 14 years Csontváry-Kosztka prepared himself to be a painter, though he did not begin studying painting until he was 41. In the process he visited famous schools and artists in Munich, Karlsruhe, and Paris, and he traveled in Italy, Dalmatia, Syria, and Egypt.

In 1896 he completed Self-Portrait and in 1898 Madonna-festő (“The Madonna Painter”). Selmecbánya látképe (1902; “View of Selmecbánya”) was the culmination of his landscape studies.

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During 1904–05 Csontváry-Kosztka’s notable works included Panaszfal (“Wall of Laments”), which depicted a mournful scene in Jerusalem; Nagy-Tarpatak-vízesés (“Great-Tarpatak Waterfall”); the romantic Sétakocsizás Athénben újholdnál (“Carriage Ride Under the New Moon in Athens”); the monumental Görög színház romjai Taorminánál (“Ruins of the Greek Theatre at Taormina”); and Baalbek, which took as its subject an archaeological complex in eastern Lebanon. In 1907 he exhibited in Paris. From there he traveled to Lebanon, where beautiful cedar trees inspired his works Magányos cédrus (“The Lonely Cedar”) and Zarándoklás a cédrusokhoz Libanonban (“Pilgrimage to the Cedars of Lebanon”). The last of his Middle Eastern paintings was Mária kútja Názárethben (1908). In 1909 he visited Naples, where he painted Tengerparti sétalovaglás (“Horse Ride by the Seaside”).

Csontváry-Kosztka’s enormous canvases (sometimes as large as 320 square feet [30 square metres]) were rendered with meticulous care. His obsessiveness eventually devolved into insanity, and he died in poverty and isolation. His autobiography was published in 1982.