Korean War

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
Revolution, division, and partisan warfare, 1945–50
Invasion and counterinvasion, 1950–51
- South to Pusan
- North to the Yalu
- Back to the 38th parallel
- To the negotiating table
Talking and fighting, 1951–53
- Battling for position
- Battling over POWs
- Guerrilla warfare
- Air warfare
- Strengthening the ROK
- The final push
- Armistice

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battle casualties of the Korean War (1950–53)

Harry Truman's presidency: World War II, the atomic bomb, and the Cold War

For Students

Korean War summary

Korean War

Q: Why did the Korean War start?

After defeating Japan in World War II , Soviet forces occupied the Korean Peninsula north of the 38th parallel and U.S. forces occupied the south. Korea was intended to be reunited eventually, but the Soviets established a communist regime in their zone, while in 1947 the United Nations assumed control of the U.S. zone and sought to foster a democratic pan-Korean state. Amid partisan warfare in the south, the Republic of Korea was established in 1948. By 1950 the violence had convinced North Korean leader Kim Il-Sung that a war under Soviet auspices was necessary for reunification.

Q: How was the United States involved in the Korean War?

Prior to Kim Il-Sung ’s Soviet-backed invasion in 1950, the United States military was involved in rebuilding Korea south of the 38th parallel and training a standing South Korean army. When the United Nations Security Council called for member nations to defend South Korea, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur took charge of the United Nations Command . Thereafter, U.S. troops constituted the bulk of the UN’s expeditionary force in Korea.

Q: How were China and the Soviet Union involved in the Korean War?

After the partition of the Korean Peninsula in 1945, the Soviet Union was instrumental in purging its zone of political dissidents and supporting the ruling communist party . The U.S.S.R. backed communist leader Kim Il-Sung ’s 1950 invasion of South Korea . When the invasion was beaten back, China sent a formidable expeditionary force into Korea, first to drive the United Nations Command out of the north and then to unify the peninsula under communist control.

Q: Was the Korean War technically a war?

The armed conflict in Korea, which began in 1950, lasted three years and claimed the lives of millions of Korean soldiers and civilians on both sides, hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers, and more than 36,000 U.S. soldiers. However, the United States never formally declared war on North Korea , China, or the Soviet Union. And, although the U.S. military led the United Nations ’ expeditionary force, its involvement was tied only to a UN Security Council resolution, because the UN itself cannot declare war. Consequently, the conflict in Korea did not technically constitute a war.

Q: How did the Korean War end?

On July 27, 1953, the United Nations Command reached an armistice with China and North Korea . A demilitarized zone (DMZ) was established along the 38th parallel , and, following controversial allegations that North Korea had abused and murdered prisoners of war (POWs), the process of repatriating POWs underwent “neutral nation” management. Critically, the terms of the armistice were tacitly approved but never formally signed on to by the South Korean government. Hence, peace between the North and the South remains fragile.

1950–1953

Written by Allan R. Millett

Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2024 • Article History

Quick Facts

Date:: June 25, 1950 - July 27, 1953

Location:: North Korea; South Korea; Gwangju

Participants:: China; North Korea; South Korea; United Nations; United States

Major Events:: Inchon landing; Battle of the Chosin Reservoir; Battle of Kapyong

Key People:: Dwight D. Eisenhower; Mao Zedong; Joseph Stalin; Harry S. Truman; Chesty Puller

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Why did the Korean War start?

How was the United States involved in the Korean War?

How were China and the Soviet Union involved in the Korean War?

Was the Korean War technically a war?

How did the Korean War end?

News •

From VOA Mandarin: American survivor recounts Battle of Chosin Reservoir • Nov. 28, 2024, 1:21 AM ET (Voice of America)

Korean War, conflict between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in which at least 2.5 million persons lost their lives. The war reached international proportions in June 1950 when North Korea, supplied and advised by the Soviet Union, invaded the South. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal participant, joined the war on the side of the South Koreans, and the People’s Republic of China came to North Korea’s aid. After more than a million combat casualties had been suffered on both sides, the fighting ended in July ...(100 of 6820 words)

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