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Wars of Religion
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François Dubois: The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day
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François Dubois: The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day
François Dubois: The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, oil on wood by François Dubois, 1572–84; in the Musée Cantonal des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Wars of Religion

French history
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Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day
Massacre of St. Bartholomew's DayFrench Huguenots grieving after the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day (August 24–25, 1572), in which thousands of Huguenots were killed by French Catholic forces.

Wars of Religion, (1562–98) conflicts in France between Protestants and Roman Catholics. The spread of French Calvinism persuaded the French ruler Catherine de Médicis to show more tolerance for the Huguenots, which angered the powerful Roman Catholic Guise family. Its partisans massacred a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (1562), causing an uprising in the provinces. Many inconclusive skirmishes followed, and compromises were reached in 1563, 1568, and 1570. After the murder of the Huguenot leader Gaspard II de Coligny in the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew’s Day (1572), the civil war resumed. A peace compromise in 1576 allowed the Huguenots freedom of worship. An uneasy peace existed until 1584, when the Huguenot leader Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV) became heir to the French throne. This led to the War of the Three Henrys and later brought Spain to the aid the Roman Catholics. The wars ended with Henry’s embrace of Roman Catholicism and the religious toleration of the Huguenots guaranteed by the Edict of Nantes (1598).

This article was most recently revised and updated by John M. Cunningham.