Libya - Berbers, Arabs, Tuareg

Libya

Table of Contents

Introduction & Quick Facts
Land
- Relief
- Drainage
- Soils
- Climate
- Plant and animal life
People
- Ethnic groups and languages
- Religion
- Settlement patterns
- Demographic trends
Economy
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- Resources and power
- Manufacturing
- Finance and trade
- Services
- Labour
- Transportation and telecommunications
Government and society
- Constitutional framework
- Local government
- Justice
- Political process
- Security
- Health and welfare
- Housing
- Education
Cultural life
- Cultural milieu
- The arts
- Cultural institutions
- Sports and recreation
- Media and publishing
History
- Ottoman rule
- Italian colonization
- Independence
  - The discovery of oil
  - The Qaddafi regime
  - Revolt in 2011
    - Strong government response to protests
    - Emergence of the Transitional National Council in Benghazi
    - Stalemate, resurgence of the Qaddafi regime, and international intervention
    - Intensification of international efforts: NATO air strikes, diplomacy, and ICC warrants
    - Qaddafi toppled and killed
  - Postrevolutionary chaos
    - Establishment of the General National Congress
    - Competing governments in Tripoli and Tobruk
    - Attempt at unity: Government of National Accord
    - Fight for the National Oil Corporation and Central Bank
    - Tobruk government extends its reach south and west
    - Turkish intervention, retreat of Tobruk government, and renewed attempt at unity

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Almost all Libyans speak Arabic, the country’s official language. They claim descent from the Bedouin Arab tribes of the Banū Hilāl and the Banū Sulaym, who are said to have invaded the Maghrib in the 11th century. The government’s embrace of Arab nationalism has reduced Western influences, although English is still widely used as a second language in international business and politics. At the beginning of the 21st century, Libya’s population included a substantial number of foreign migrant workers—largely from sub-Saharan African countries—temporarily residing in the country. The tribe (qabīlah), a form of social organization that allowed the grouping of ...(100 of 11801 words)

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