Mexicali

Mexicali, city, capital of Baja California estado (state), northwestern Mexico. The city is situated across the Mexico-U.S. border from Calexico, California. The name Mexicali, formed from the first two syllables of Mexico and California, was chosen as a gesture of international friendship.

Mexicali lies in a broad depression of the Colorado Desert known locally as the Mexicali Valley (the southern extension of California’s Imperial Valley). Mexicali’s economy has expanded beyond its traditional functions as a cross-border checkpoint for tourists, immigrants, and shipments of irrigated crops (mainly fruits, vegetables, cotton, and cereals). In addition to its cotton gins and brewery, the city depends on numerous maquiladoras (export-oriented assembly plants) producing consumer electronics (notably computer monitors and televisions), plastics, glass, metal products, transportation equipment (radiators, trailers, and vehicle parts), textiles and thread, aircraft parts, furniture, cables and wires, medical supplies, and processed foods (notably frozen guacamole and canned and dehydrated fruits and vegetables). The city also supports the aquaculture of mollusks, fish, and crustaceans in the gulf.

Improved irrigation of the Mexicali Valley, land redistribution in the late 1930s, and duty-free trade (1937–67) brought capital, immigration, and better transport facilities to the city. Mexicali has grown rapidly since the 1960s, owing to increased investment in maquiladoras, the immigration of job seekers from elsewhere in Mexico and Central America, and greater numbers of border crossings to the United States. The Autonomous University of Baja California (1957) is located in the city, which is readily accessible by highway, railroad, and air. Pop. (2010) 689,775; metro. area, 936,826; (2020) 854,186; metro. area, 1,049,792.