Mississippi River

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
Physical features
- Physiography
- Climate
- Hydrology
- Plant and animal life
- Cultural life
  - Literary life on the Mississippi
  - River of song: music
History and economy
- Early settlement and exploration
- Development of the river’s commerce
- Modern commercial activity
- Flood control

References & Edit History Related Topics

Images & Videos

Mississippi River basin and its drainage network

confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers

Mississippi River flood of 1927: Mounds Landing, Mississippi

For Students

Mississippi River summary

Mississippi River

Q: Where does the Mississippi River start and end?

The Mississippi River rises in Lake Itasca in Minnesota and ends in the Gulf of Mexico. It covers a total distance of 2,340 miles (3,766 km) from its source. The Mississippi River is the longest river of North America.

Q: How much of North America does the Mississippi River drain?

The Mississippi River and its tributaries drain all or part of 31 U.S. states and two provinces in Canada, an area of approximately 1.2 million square miles (3.1 million square km), or about one-eighth of the entire continent.

Q: What are the most important varieties of fish found in the Mississippi River?

The most important varieties of fish found in the Mississippi River include various types of catfish, walleyes, suckers, carp, and garfish.

Q: How long is the Mississippi River?

The Mississippi River is 2,340 miles (3,766 km) long. The Missouri-Mississippi confluence has a combined length of 3,710 miles (5,971 km).

Q: Why is Mark Twain associated with the Mississippi River?

Mark Twain grew up on the Mississippi River in Hannibal, Missouri, and the Mississippi is virtually a character in his classic novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). Twain's description of the antebellum steamboat era in Life on the Mississippi (1883), was based on his own experiences.

river, United States

Written by Randall J. Schaetzl, Giles Timothy Severin•All

Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2024 • Article History

Where does the Mississippi River start and end?

How much of North America does the Mississippi River drain?

What are the most important varieties of fish found in the Mississippi River?

How long is the Mississippi River?

Why is Mark Twain associated with the Mississippi River?

News •

Notice those folds of ice on the Mississippi River? It’s frazil ice — here’s how it forms • Dec. 19, 2024, 11:39 AM ET (CBS)

Homicide investigation underway after Illinois man missing for 5 years found dead in pickup buried in Mississippi River • Dec. 17, 2024, 2:27 AM ET (CBS)

Remains of missing Illinois man discovered in pickup buried in Mississippi River • Dec. 15, 2024, 12:44 AM ET (ABC News (U.S.))

Museum tells story of the Mississippi River with puppets • Dec. 4, 2024, 9:45 AM ET (CBS)

To save a dying swamp, Louisiana aims to restore the Mississippi River's natural flow • Dec. 3, 2024, 2:52 PM ET (ABC News (U.S.))

Mississippi River, the longest river of North America, draining with its major tributaries an area of approximately 1.2 million square miles (3.1 million square km), or about one-eighth of the entire continent. The Mississippi River lies entirely within the United States. Rising in Lake Itasca in Minnesota, it flows almost due south across the continental interior, collecting the waters of its major tributaries, the Missouri River (to the west) and the Ohio River (to the east), approximately halfway along its journey to the Gulf of Mexico through a vast delta southeast of New Orleans, a total distance of 2,340 miles ...(100 of 6184 words)

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