San Fernando

San Fernando, city and port of Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago, southeastern West Indies. It lies at the western end of the Central Range of hills, on the flat, shallow coast of the Gulf of Paria, about 35 miles (55 km) south of Port of Spain.

San Fernando was once part of a settlement of Indigenous people and later a Capuchin mission. Its original site was part of a 1786 land grant. The city—named for Fernando (the future Ferdinand VII), the son of Spanish King Charles IV—was destroyed by fire in 1818. Rebuilt, it had reached its present boundaries by 1846. It became a borough in 1853 and a city in 1988.

San Fernando is an administrative and trading centre for the southern half of Trinidad. The economy is based on San Fernando’s central position in the rich oil fields discovered in the early 1900s, and the country’s largest oil refinery is located in the suburb of Pointe-à-Pierre. Close by is Point Lisas, a rapidly growing industrial area with petrochemical works, a steel mill, and a modern container port. There are several large liquefied natural gas plants at sites around the city. Pop. (2000) 55,419; (2011) 48,838.