Ancient Greek civilization - Expansion, Colonization, Warfare

ancient Greek civilization

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
The early Archaic period
- The post-Mycenaean period and Lefkandi
- Colonization and city-state formation
  - The Olympic Games
  - Overseas projects
  - The beginnings of the polis
- Early Archaic Greek civilization
  - The sources
  - Society and values
    - Bacchiadae and Eupatridae
    - Symposia and gymnasia
    - Formal relationships
    - The Lelantine War
The later Archaic periods
- The rise of the tyrants
  - The decline of the aristocracy
  - Changes in warfare
  - The early tyrannies
- Sparta and Athens
  - Sparta
    - The distinctiveness of Sparta
    - The Rhetra
    - The helot factor
    - The Peloponnesian League
  - Athens
    - The distinctiveness of Athens
    - Solon
    - The Peisistratid tyranny
    - The reforms of Cleisthenes
- The world of the tyrants
  - Intermarriage between the great houses
  - Poetry and art
  - International influences
Classical Greek civilization
- The Persian Wars
  - The Ionian revolt
  - Causes of the Persian Wars
    - Economic factors
    - Political factors
  - Athenian support of Ionia
  - The position of Sparta
    - Sparta’s foreign relations
    - The role of Cleomenes
  - The Battle of Marathon
  - The administration of democracy
    - The appointment of archons
    - The system of ostracism
  - The last Persian Wars
    - Greek preparations for war
    - Greek alliances
    - Thermopylae
    - Salamis
    - Plataea
- The Athenian empire
  - Emerging Athenian independence
    - The fortification of Athens
    - The ambition of Pausanias
  - The Delian League
    - Paying tribute to Athens
    - Strains on Greek unity
  - Mounting Athenian aggression
    - Cimon’s actions
    - Athens’s moves against other Greeks
    - Athens’s moves northward
    - Sparta’s responses
  - The reforms of Ephialtes
    - Legal reforms
    - Political reforms
    - The rejection of Cimon
  - Athenian expansion
    - Friction between Athens and Corinth
    - The subjugation of Aegina
    - The scale of Athenian ambition
    - Sparta’s resistance
    - Peace with Persia
  - Revolts of Athens’s tributary states
    - Economic sources of resentment
    - Political and legal sources of resentment
    - The Euboean revolt
  - Greek communities in Italy and Sicily
- The Peloponnesian War
  - Causes
  - The initial phase, 431–425
    - Pericles
    - Sparta’s role
    - Continuing strife
    - Mytilene and Plataea
    - Speculation and unease
  - The years 425–421
    - Spartan calls for peace
    - Cleon’s influence
    - Spartan recovery
  - Athenian aggression outside the Peloponnese
    - Entanglement with Persia
    - Harsh treatment of Melos
    - The Sicilian disaster
  - The second phase of the war, 413–404
- Greek civilization in the 5th century
  - Intellectual achievements
    - The effect of the Persian Wars on philosophy
    - The rise of democracy
    - Hippocrates and the fluidity of genres
    - Greek tragedy
  - The liturgy system
  - The roles of slaves and women
    - Slaves
    - Women
  - Military technology
The 4th century
- To the King’s Peace (386 bce)
  - Dionysius I of Syracuse
  - The Corinthian War
  - The King’s Peace
- From 386 bce to the decline of Sparta
  - Spartan adventures
  - The Second Athenian Confederacy
  - Theban expansion
  - Athens and Thebes
- The rise of Macedon
- Macedonian supremacy in Greece
- Alexander the Great
  - Alexander and the Greeks
  - Alexander in Egypt
  - To the Persian Gates
  - The conquest of Bactria and the Indus valley
  - The final phase
- Greek civilization in the 4th century
  - Historical writings
  - Architecture and sculpture
  - Social and commercial exchanges
  - Organized settlements
Conclusion

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At some point after 425, when there was a routine renewal of the Peace of Callias, Athens began an entanglement in Anatolia with the Persian satrap Pissuthnes and subsequently with his natural son Amorges; it sent mercenary help to Pissuthnes and perhaps Amorges. If this involvement began while the Archidamian War was still in progress, it was inexplicable provocation to Persia except on the assumption that Athens was too short of cash to pay these troops itself (a 1,000-talent reserve had been set aside at the beginning of the war, but there was resistance to touching it). If the entanglement ...(100 of 64077 words)

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