artemisia

artemisia, (genus Artemisia), large genus of aromatic herbs and shrubs in the Asteraceae family. Many species are valued as ornamentals for their attractive silvery gray foliage, which is frequently used in horticultural plantings to create contrast or to smooth the transition between intense colors. A number are cultivated for their essential oils, which are used as flavourings or in herbal medicine.

Physical description

Members of the genus Artemisia are largely perennial plants with many small yellow or greenish yellow flower heads grouped in clusters. The leaves are usually divided and alternate along the stem; they may be green, grayish green, or silvery white. Many of the plants are aromatic because of the presence of essential oils.

Major species

The leaves of common wormwood ( A. absinthium), probably the best-known species, have been used in medicines and such beverages as vermouth and absinthe. Common wormwood is native to Europe but has become naturalized in Canada and the United States.

Britannica Quiz

Plants: From Cute to Carnivorous

The leaves and flowering tops of tarragon (A. dracunculus), another well-known species, are employed as a seasoning. Tarragon is a common ingredient in seasoning blends, such as fines herbes, and can be used fresh or dried.

Common mugwort, or wild wormwood (A. vulgaris), is often used to flavour beverages, including gruit ales, and as a culinary herb. The plant is also used medicinally for menstrual pain and as an herbal abortifacient of unknown safety and efficacy. Annual mugwort, also called sweet wormwood (A. annua), is native to temperate Asia and has naturalized elsewhere. It is the source of artemisinin, a medication used to treat quinine-resistant malaria.

Some areas of western North America are dominated by sagebrush (A. tridentata and other species). The plants provide important habitat for a number of species, including sage grouse and pronghorn.