lithops

lithops, (genus Lithops), genus of about 40 species of small succulent plants of the carpetweed family (Aizoaceae), native to southern Africa. The plants are generally found in rocky arid regions of southern Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, and it is believed that their small rocklike appearance may serve as camouflage from herbivores. They are cultivated worldwide as indoor plant curiosities.

The plants are virtually stemless, the thickened leaves being more or less buried in the soil with only the upper surfaces visible. Two leaves grow during each rainy season and form a fleshy roundish structure that is slit across the top. A single showy flower with numerous petals grows from between the slit and produces a capsule fruit. Each pair of leaves is replaced by a new pair that also emerge from between the slit, with the older leaves slowly shriveling away on either side. Living stones spread sideways, and one plant may have the appearance of several pairs of stones. The plants range from grays and greens to reds and purples in colour, depending on the species, and the leaf surfaces may be smooth to pebbly in appearance.