Internet

Pro 1: The speed and ubiquity of the Internet is different from previous breakthrough technologies and is reprogramming our brains for the worse.

The Internet has reduced our ability to focus; changed how our memory functions; promoted skimming text over deep, critical reading (which, in turn, promotes dangerously false information); and changed how we interact with people. Digital addiction is also a concern.

In the 2020 update to The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, Nicholas Carr summarizes, “It takes patience and concentration to evaluate new information—to gauge its accuracy, to weigh its relevance and worth, to put it into context—and the Internet, by design, subverts patience and concentration. When the brain is overloaded by stimuli, as it usually is when we’re peering into a network-connected computer screen, attention splinters, thinking becomes superficial, and memory suffers. We become less reflective and more impulsive. Far from enhancing human intelligence, I argue, the Internet degrades it.” [2]

A 2019 study found that the Internet “can produce both acute and sustained alterations” in three areas: “a) attentional capacities, as the constantly evolving stream of online information encourages our divided attention across multiple media sources, at the expense of sustained concentration; b) memory processes, as this vast and ubiquitous source of online information begins to shift the way we retrieve, store, and even value knowledge; and c) social cognition, as the ability for online social settings to resemble and evoke real-world social processes creates a new interplay between the Internet and our social lives, including our self-concepts and self-esteem.” [3]

Moreover, several studies have found that not only do people reading digital text skim more and retain less information than those reading text printed on paper, but that the effects of digital reading span from less reading comprehension to less in-depth textual analysis to less empathy for others. [4]

Reading less critically not only results in low English grades, but also in readers believing and proliferating false information, as well as misunderstanding potentially important documents such as contracts and voter referendums. [4]

Bonnie Kristian, contributing editor at The Week, also noted the Internet’s destruction of interpersonal relationships, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic: Many people have “a lack of intimate friendships and hobbyist communities. In the absence of that emotional connection and healthy recreational time use, this media engagement can become a bad substitute. The memes become the hobby. The Facebook bickering supplants the relationships. And it’s all moving so fast—tweet, video, meme, Tucker, tweet, video, meme, Maddow—the change goes unnoticed. The brain breaks.” [5]

Because the Internet touches nearly everything we do now, the fundamental ways our brains process information are changing to accommodate and facilitate the fast, surface-level, distracting nature of the Internet, to the detriment of ourselves and society.

Pro 2: IQ scores have been falling for decades, coinciding with the rise of technologies, including the Internet.

For the majority of the 20th century, IQ scores rose an average of three points per decade, which is called the Flynn effect, after James R. Flynn, a New Zealand intelligence researcher. Flynn believes this constant increase of IQ was related to better nutrition and increased access to education. [6]

However, a 2018 Norwegian study found a reversal of the Flynn effect, with a drop of 7 IQ points per generation because of environmental causes such as the Internet. As Evan Horowitz, director of research communication at FCLT Global, summarized, “People are getting dumber. That’s not a judgment; it’s a global fact.” [6][7][8][9][10] 

James R Flynn noted a drop in IQ points among British male teenagers and hypothesized a cause: “It looks like there is something screwy among British teenagers. What we know is that the youth culture is more visually oriented around computer games than they are in terms of reading and holding conversations.” [11]

Further, the Internet makes us believe we can multitask, a skill scientists have found humans do not have. Our functional IQ drops 10 points as we are distracted by multiple browser tabs, email, a chat app, a video of puppies, and a text document, not to mention everything open on our tablets and smartphones, while listening to smart speakers and waiting on a video call. [12][13][14]

The loss of 10 IQ points is more than the effect of a lost night’s sleep and more than double the effect of smoking marijuana. Not only can we not process all of these functions at once, but trying to do so degrades our performance in each. Trying to complete two tasks at the same time takes three to four times as long, each switch between tasks adds 20 to 25 seconds, and the effect magnifies with each new task. The Internet has destroyed our ability to focus on and satisfactorily complete one task at a time. [12][13][14]

Pro 3: The Internet is causing us to lose the ability to perform simple tasks.

“Hey, Alexa, turn on the bathroom light… play my favorite music playlist, cook rice in the Instant Pot… read me the news… what’s the weather today…”

“Hey, Siri, set a timer… call my sister… get directions to Los Angeles… what time is it in Tokyo… who stars in that TV show I like…”

While much of the technology is too new to have been thoroughly researched, we rely on the Internet for everything from email to seeing who is at our front doors to looking up information, so much so that we forget how to or never learn to complete simple tasks. And the accessibility of information online makes us believe we are smarter than we are. [40]

In the 2018 election, Virginia state officials learned that young adults in Generation Z wanted to vote by mail but did not know where to buy stamps, because they are so used to communicating online rather than via U.S. mail. [15]

We require GPS maps narrated by the voice of a digital assistant to drive across the towns in which we have lived for years. Nora Newcombe, professor of psychology at Temple University, explains, “GPS devices cause our navigational skills to atrophy, and there’s increasing evidence for it. The problem is that you don’t see an overview of the area, and where you are in relation to other things. You’re not actively navigating—you’re just listening to the voice.” [16]

Millennials are more likely to use preprepared foods, use the Internet for recipes, and use a meal delivery service. They are least likely to know offhand how to prepare lasagna, carve a turkey, or fry chicken, and fewer reported being a “good cook” than Generation X or Baby Boomers, who are less likely to rely on the Internet for cooking tasks. [17][18]

Using the Internet to store information we previously would have committed to memory (how to roast a chicken, for example) is “offloading.” According to Benjamin Storm, associate professor of psychology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, “Offloading robs you of the opportunity to develop the long-term knowledge structures that help you make creative connections, have novel insights and deepen your knowledge.” [17]