Viséan Stage

Viséan Stage, second of three internationally defined stages of the Mississippian Subsystem of the Carboniferous System, encompassing all rocks deposited during the Viséan Age (346.7 million to 330.9 million years ago). The name is derived from the town of Visé in eastern Belgium on its border with the Netherlands, although most of the understanding of the stage comes from exposures surrounding the town of Dinant, Belgium. There the base of the Viséan is placed at the lowest marbre noir, a black limestone facies with few macrofossils. The base of the Viséan has been historically characterized by the first appearance of the conodont (primitive chordate with tooth-shaped fossil remains) Gnathodus homopunctatus in the fossil record; however, the primary tool used to identify the boundary between the Viséan and the Tournaisian stages is the first appearance of the foraminifer (a pseudopod-using unicellular organism protected by a test or shell) Eoparastaffella simplex. The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has proposed that the Global Standard Section and Point for the base of this stage be located in the Penchong section of Guangxi province in southern China.

The Viséan Stage overlies the Tournaisian Stage of the Mississippian Subsystem. The top of the Viséan and the bottom of the overlying Serpukhovian Stage are currently undefined but are roughly approximated near the first appearance of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri. There is increasing evidence that the boundary between the Viséan and Serpukhovian stages corresponds to a major episode of glaciation in the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. Recognition of the Viséan Stage by other fossil groups is somewhat problematic, and there is no international agreement on the biostratigraphic horizons defining its boundaries.