asphaltite

asphaltite, any of several naturally occurring, hard, solid bitumens whose chief constituents, asphaltenes, have very large molecules. Asphaltites are dark brown to black in colour. They are insoluble in petroleum naphthas and thus require heating to release their petroleum content. Though related to asphalts, asphaltites differ from them chemically and physically in some ways. Asphaltites, for example, usually contain little or no inorganic minerals, but asphalts may have a relatively large percentage of such matter. Also, unlike asphalts, asphaltites do not fuse readily.

Asphaltites are commonly classified into three groups: Gilsonite (or uintaite), glance pitch (or manjak), and grahamite. These substances differ from one another basically in terms of specific gravity and temperature at which they soften. Gilsonite occurs chiefly along the Colorado–Utah border, U.S.; glance pitch on Barbados and in Colombia; and grahamite in Cuba and Mexico, as well as in West Virginia and Oklahoma, U.S.