beak

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Beak and claw structure of representative caprimulgiforms.

Beak shapes of some falconiform birdsA New World vulture, the black vulture, Coragyps atratus, with a weak beak for carrion eating; an Old World vulture, the lappet-faced vulture, Torgos tracheliotus, with a stronger beak for tearing at larger animals; a buzzard, Buteo buteo, with a simple raptorial beak for killing and eating small mammals; a sea eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus, with a deep narrow beak that may allow a broader field of vision; a kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus, with a strongly hooked beak for eating snails; and a falcon, Falco rusticolus, with a toothed beak for shearing and plucking feathers.

Variations in beak structure among ciconiiform birds.

bill variations among the Lari and Alcae

Variations in the bills of shorebirds (order Charadriiformes).

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beak

zoology

Also known as: bill

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Article History

Also called:: Bill

Related Topics:: bird; keratin; cere

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beak, stiff, projecting oral structure of certain animals. Beaks are present in a few invertebrates (e.g., cephalopods and some insects), some fishes and mammals, and all birds and turtles. Many dinosaurs were beaked. The term bill is preferred for the beak of a bird, platypus, or dinosaur. Many beaked animals, including all birds and turtles, lack teeth.

A bird’s bill is composed of the upper and lower jaws covered by a horny sheath of skin. The nostrils are found dorsally, usually at the base of the bill. Bills take many shapes and sizes, adapted for food-getting, preening, nest-building, and other functions. Feeding modifications alone include the pouched fish-netting bill of pelicans; the serrated grazing bill of geese; the long, slim nectar-sipping bill of hummingbirds; and the sturdy, curved nut-cracking bill of parrots.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.