limonene
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- Nature - Scientific Reports - Standardised comparison of limonene-derived monoterpenes identifies structural determinants of anti-inflammatory activity
- University of Bristol - School of Chemistry - Limonene
- WebMD - Limonene - Uses, Side Effects, and More
- National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubChem - Limonene
- Frontiers - Limonene formulation exhibited potential application in the control of mycelial growth and deoxynivalenol production in Fusarium graminearum
- American Chemical Society - Limonene
- Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology - Journey of Limonene as an Antimicrobial Agent
- Healthline - Limonene
- Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing - Limonene as a natural product extraction solvent
- Verywell Health - What to Know about Limonene
limonene, a colourless liquid abundant in the essential oils of pine and citrus trees and used as a lemonlike odorant in industrial and household products and as a chemical intermediate.
Limonene exists in two isomeric forms (compounds with the same molecular formula—in this case, C10H16—but with different structures), namely l-limonene, the isomer that rotates the plane of polarized light counterclockwise, and d-limonene, the isomer that causes rotation in the opposite direction. In the extraction of citrus juices d-limonene is obtained as a by-product, and it also occurs in caraway oil; l-limonene is present in pine needles and cones; dl-limonene, or dipentene, the mixture of equal amounts of the l- and d-isomers, is a component of turpentine.
Dipentene may be sulfurized to produce additives that improve the performance of lubricating oils under heavy loads; d-limonene is commercially converted to l-carvone, which has a caraway-seed flavour.