Linguistics - Renaissance, Grammar, Language

linguistics

Table of Contents

Introduction
History of linguistics
- Earlier history
  - Non-Western traditions
  - Greek and Roman antiquity
  - The European Middle Ages
  - The Renaissance
- The 19th century
  - Development of the comparative method
  - The role of analogy
  - Other 19th-century theories and development
    - Inner and outer form
    - Phonetics and dialectology
- The 20th century
  - Structuralism
    - Structural linguistics in Europe
    - Structural linguistics in America
  - Transformational-generative grammar
  - Tagmemic, stratificational, and other approaches
Methods of synchronic linguistic analysis
- Structural linguistics
  - Phonology
  - Morphology
  - Syntax
  - Semantics
- Transformational-generative grammar
  - Harris’s grammar
  - Chomsky’s grammar
  - Modifications in Chomsky’s grammar
- Tagmemics
  - Modes of language
  - Hierarchy of levels
- Stratificational grammar
  - Technical terminology
  - Interstratal relationships
- The Prague school
  - Combination of structuralism and functionalism
  - Phonological contributions
  - Theory of markedness
  - Later contributions
Historical (diachronic) linguistics
- Linguistic change
  - Sound change
  - Grammatical change
  - Semantic change
  - Borrowing
- The comparative method
  - Grimm’s law
  - Proto-Indo-European reconstruction
  - Steps in the comparative method
  - Criticisms of the comparative method
  - Internal reconstruction
- Language classification
Linguistics and other disciplines
- Psycholinguistics
  - Language acquisition by children
  - Speech perception
  - Other areas of research
- Sociolinguistics
  - Delineation of the field
  - Social dimensions
- Other relationships
  - Anthropological linguistics
  - Computational linguistics
  - Mathematical linguistics
  - Stylistics
  - Applied linguistics
Dialectology and linguistic geography
- Dialect geography
  - Early dialect studies
  - Dialect atlases
  - The value and applications of dialectology
- Social dialectology

References & Edit History Related Topics

Images

Figure 1: The constituent structure of a simple sentence (see text).

Figure 2: The constituent structure of a class of simple sentences with arbitrary letters used to represent the form class of each constituent (see text).

phrase structure of the sentence “The man will hit the ball”

derived phrase marker for a passive sentence

Figure 7: Diagrammatic representation of a transformational grammar (see text).

For Students

linguistics summary

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It is customary to think of the Renaissance as a time of great flowering. There is no doubt that linguistic and philological developments of this period are interesting and significant. Two new sets of data that modern linguists tend to take for granted became available to grammarians during this period: (1) the newly recognized vernacular languages of Europe, for the protection and cultivation of which there subsequently arose national academies and learned institutions that live down to the present day; and (2) the languages of Africa, East Asia, the New World, and, later, of Siberia, Central Asia, New Guinea, Oceania, ...(100 of 29428 words)

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