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Following the establishment of the germ theory of disease in the mid-1880s and the development of laboratory techniques for the isolation of microorganisms (particularly bacteria), the causative agents of many common diseases were discovered in rapid succession. Some common diseases and the date of discovery of their causative agent illustrate this point: anthrax (1876), gonorrhea (1879), typhoid fever (1880), malaria (1880), tuberculosis (1882), diphtheria (1883), cholera (1884), and tetanus (1884). Some of the most notable successes of medical microbiology include the development of vaccines beginning in the 1790s, antibiotics during the mid-20th century, and the global eradication of smallpox by ...(100 of 6260 words)