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musk

biological substance

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2024 • Article History

Related Topics:: perfume; secretion; musk deer

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musk, substance obtained from the male musk deer and having a penetrating, persistent odour. It is used in the highest grades of perfume because of its odour characteristics, ability to remain in evidence for long periods of time, and ability to act as a fixative. Its quality varies according to the season and the age of the animal from which it is obtained. In India and parts of the Far East, aphrodisiac, stimulant, and antispasmodic effects have been attributed to musk.

Musk is obtained from the musk pod, a preputial gland in a pouch, or sac, under the skin of the abdomen of the male musk deer. Fresh musk is semiliquid but dries to a grainy powder. It is usually prepared for use in perfumes by making a tincture in pure alcohol. After standing for several months, this solution imparts character, strength, and tenacity to perfume.

The odorous principle of musk is muscone (muskone), or 3-methylcyclopentadecanone. Muscone and other compounds that produce musk odour have been synthesized and used in perfumes.