potassium

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potassium

chemical element

Also known as: K, kalium

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Dec 19, 2024 • Article History

Key People:: Sir Humphry Davy; Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac

Related Topics:: chemical element; human nutrition; alkali metal; potassium deficiency; potassium-40

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potassium (K), chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table, the alkali metal group, indispensable for both plant and animal life. Potassium was the first metal to be isolated by electrolysis, by the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy, when he obtained the element (1807) by decomposing molten potassium hydroxide (KOH) with a voltaic battery. atomic number 19 atomic weight 39.098 melting point 63.28 °C (145.90 °F) boiling point 760 °C (1,400 °F) specific gravity 0.862 (at 20 °C, or 68 °F) oxidation states +1, −1 (rare) electron configuration 2-8-8-1 or 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹ Potassium metal is soft and white with ...(100 of 1441 words)

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