figure skating: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Kristi Yamaguchi, Christy Ness (Christy Kjarsgaard-Ness), and Jody Meacham, Figure Skating for Dummies (1997), provides basic information on figure skating. American Yamaguchi is a 1992 U.S. Nationals gold medalist, a 1991 and 1992 Worlds gold medalist, and a 1992 Olympic gold medalist. John Misha Petkevich, Sports Illustrated Figure Skating: Championship Techniques (1989), focuses on jumping and spinning techniques. Alice Berman, Skater’s Edge Sourcebook: Ice Skating Resource Guide, 2nd ed. (1998), contains information on skating rinks, books, videos, boots, blades, and other material useful to the skater, including a list of national, Olympic, and world medalists. U.S. Figure Skating Association, The Official Book of Figure Skating (1998), provides historical information on the sport as well as information about more recent U.S. champions. Dan Gutman, Ice Skating (1995); and Beverley Smith, Figure Skating: A Celebration, ed. by Dan Diamond, 2nd updated ed. (1999), contain historical information as well as information on more recent skaters. Steve Milton, Skate: 100 Years of Figure Skating (1996), provides information on world champions over the last 100 years. John Malone, The Encyclopedia of Figure Skating (1998), provides biographies of recent and historical figure skaters. Barry Wilner, Stars on Ice: An Intimate Look at Skating’s Greatest Tour (1998), describes the origin and development of Scott Hamilton’s touring group.

Many skaters have written books about their sport. Among some of the most recent are Scott Hamilton and Lorenzo Benet, Landing It: My Life on and off the Ice (1999); Jozef Sabovčík and Lynda D. Prouse, Jumpin’ Joe: The Jozef Sabovcik Story (1998); Brian Boitano and Suzanne Harper, Boitano’s Edge: Inside the Real World of Figure Skating (1997); Elvis Stojko and Penny Mallette, Heart and Soul, ed. by Gérard Châtaigneau (1997); Tara Lipinski and Emily Costello, Tara Lipinski: Triumph on Ice (1997); Peggy Fleming and Peter Kaminsky, The Long Program: Skating Toward Life’s Victories (1999); Toller Cranston and Martha Lowder Kimball, Zero Tollerance: An Intimate Memoir by the Man Who Revolutionized Figure Skating (1997); Rudy Galindo and Eric Marcus, Icebreaker: The Autobiography of Rudy Galindo (1997); and Jayne Torvill, Christopher Dean, and John Man, Facing the Music (1995; also published as Torvill & Dean: The Autobiography of Ice Dancing’s Greatest Stars, 1996, reissued 1998).

Portraits of figure skaters as they train for their season are available in Beverley Smith, Talking Figure Skating: Behind the Scenes in the World’s Most Glamorous Sport, rev. ed. (1998); Beverley Smith, A Year in Figure Skating, ed. by Dan Diamond (1996); and Christine Brennan, Inside Edge: A Revealing Journey into the Secret World of Figure Skating (1996), and Edge of Glory: The Inside Story of the Quest for Figure Skating’s Olympic Gold Medals (1998).

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Epidemiology of Figure Skating Injuries: A Review of the Literature. Oct 09, 2024
Noted that compulsory figures were eliminated in 1990. Jul 16, 2024
Add new Web site: CNN - Timeline of figure skating controversies from 1902 to 2022. Jun 06, 2024
Add new Web site: The Canadian Encyclopedia - Figure Skating. Sep 26, 2023
Add new Web site: Official Site of the U.S. Figure Skating. Jun 12, 2023
Links added. Feb 02, 2023
Add new Web site: LiveAbout - The History of Figure Skating. Jul 26, 2022
In the World figure skating championship—women table, added the 2021 winner. Jun 11, 2021
In the World figure skating championship—pairs table, added the 2021 winners. Jun 11, 2021
In the World figure skating championship—men table, added the 2021 winner. Jun 11, 2021
In the World ice dancing championships table, added the 2021 winners. Jun 11, 2021
In the World figure skating championship—men table, added the 2019 winner. May 13, 2019
In the World figure skating championship—pairs table, added the 2019 winners. May 13, 2019
In the World ice dancing championships table, added the 2019 winners. May 13, 2019
In the World figure skating championship—women table, added the 2019 winner. May 13, 2019
In the World figure skating championship—men table, added the 2018 winner. Sep 28, 2018
In the World ice dancing championships table, added the 2018 winners. Sep 28, 2018
In the World figure skating championship—pairs table, added the 2018 winners. Sep 28, 2018
In the World figure skating championship—women table, added the 2018 winner. Sep 28, 2018
In the World figure skating championship—men table, added the 2017 winner. Apr 28, 2017
In the World figure skating championship—women table, added the 2017 winner. Apr 28, 2017
In the World figure skating championship—pairs table, added the 2017 winners. Apr 28, 2017
In the World ice dancing championships table, added the 2017 winners. Apr 28, 2017
Add new Web site: International Olympic Committee - Figure skating. Mar 15, 2017
Revised the Scoring section to note that the IJS replaced the 6.0 system in 2004. Dec 19, 2016
In the World figure skating championship—men table, added the 2016 winner. Apr 04, 2016
Added first names to the World figure skating championship—men table. Apr 04, 2016
Added first names to the World figure skating championship—women table. Apr 04, 2016
In the World figure skating championship—women table, added the 2016 winner. Apr 04, 2016
Added first names to the World figure skating championship—pairs table. Apr 04, 2016
In the World figure skating championship—pairs tabled, added the 2016 winners. Apr 04, 2016
Added first names to the World ice dancing championships table. Apr 04, 2016
In the World ice dancing championships table, added the 2016 winners. Apr 04, 2016
Added video. Jan 29, 2016
Added the 2015 champion to the ice skating table World figure skating championship—women. Mar 31, 2015
Added the 2015 champions to the ice skating table World ice dancing championships. Mar 31, 2015
Added the 2015 champion to the ice skating table World figure skating championship—men. Mar 31, 2015
Added the 2015 champions to the ice skating table World figure skating championship—pairs. Mar 31, 2015
Added the 2014 winner to the table World figure skating championship—men. Mar 31, 2014
Added the 2014 winners to the figure skating table World ice dancing championships. Mar 31, 2014
Added the 2014 winners to the table World figure skating championship—pairs. Mar 31, 2014
Added the 2014 winner to the table World figure skating championship—women. Mar 31, 2014
Added the 2013 champion to the table World figure skating championship—women. Mar 18, 2013
Added the 2013 champions to the figure skating table World ice dancing championships. Mar 18, 2013
Added the 2013 champion to the table World figure skating championship—men. Mar 18, 2013
Added the 2013 champions to the table World figure skating championship—pairs. Mar 18, 2013
Added the 2012 champion to the ice skating table World Figure Skating Championship—men. Apr 03, 2012
Added the 2012 champions to the ice skating table World Ice Dancing Championships. Apr 03, 2012
Added the 2012 champions to the ice skating table World Figure Skating Championship—pairs. Apr 03, 2012
Added the 2012 champion to the ice skating table World Figure Skating Championship—women. Apr 03, 2012
Four figure skating tables added to article. May 04, 2011
Mentioned addition of a team figure skating event to the 2014 Winter Olympics. May 04, 2011
Added the 2011 champions to the table World ice dancing championships. May 02, 2011
Added the 2011 champion to the table World figure skating championship--men. May 02, 2011
Added the 2011 champion to the table World figure skating championship--women. May 02, 2011
Added the 2011 champions to the table World figure skating championship--pairs. May 02, 2011
Added the 2010 champions to the table World figure skating championship--pairs. Apr 05, 2010
Added the 2010 champion to the table World figure skating championship--men. Apr 05, 2010
Added the 2010 champions to the table World ice dancing championships. Apr 05, 2010
Added the 2010 champion to the table World figure skating championship--women. Apr 05, 2010
Added photograph of ice dancers. Jan 21, 2010
Updated with 2009 champion. Mar 31, 2009
Updated with 2009 champion. Mar 31, 2009
Updated with 2009 champions. Mar 31, 2009
Updated with 2009 champions. Mar 31, 2009
Article revised and updated. Nov 13, 2008
Article revised. Nov 10, 2005
Article revised. Apr 26, 2002
Article revised. Feb 01, 2002
Article revised. Jan 12, 2000
Article added to new online database. May 27, 1999
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