Arab-Israeli wars summary

Arab-Israeli wars, Military conflicts fought between various Arab forces and Israel, most notably in 1948–49, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, 2006, and 2023–present. The first war, in 1948–49, began when Israel declared itself an independent state following the United Nations’ partition of Palestine and five Arab countries—Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria—attacked Israel. The conflict ended with Israel controlling all of the Negev up to the former Egypt-Palestine frontier, except for the Gaza Strip. The 1956 Suez Crisis began after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal. A French, British, and Israeli coalition attacked Egypt and occupied the canal zone but soon withdrew under international pressure. The Six-Day War of 1967 began when, in response to Arab neighbors’ apparent mobilization for war, Israel attacked and destroyed Egypt’s and Syria’s air forces. Israel also defeated Jordanian attacks. The war ended with Israel in control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, and Jerusalem. Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in 1973 (the Yom Kippur War), and fighting continued for several weeks. In 1979 Egypt made peace with Israel, formally ending the 30-year state of war between the two countries. In 1982 Israel invaded Lebanon in order to expel the Palestine Liberation Organization from its bases there. Israel withdrew from Lebanon by 1985. In 2006 Hezbollah launched an operation against Israel and, over the ensuing month, fought Israeli forces to a standstill. In 2023 Hamas led an attack against Israel, killing some 1,200 people and taking more than 240 others hostage. Israel declared war the next day and carried out air strikes in the Gaza Strip followed by a ground invasion. The war leveled much of the Gaza Strip and resulted in a humanitarian crisis there.