Jackie Robinson, in full Jack Roosevelt Robinson, (born Jan. 31, 1919, Cairo, Ga., U.S.—died Oct. 24, 1972, Stamford, Conn.), U.S. baseball player, the first Black player in the major leagues. Robinson became an outstanding performer in several sports at Pasadena Junior College and UCLA before leaving college to help his mother care for the family. He served as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army in World War II. He played baseball with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro leagues before being signed by Branch Rickey to a Brooklyn Dodgers farm team (1945–46). On April 15, 1947, Robinson played his first game for the Dodgers, breaking the MLB’s colour line. He subsequently withstood with notable dignity fans’ and players’ opposition to his presence, and he found immediate success as he led the league in stolen bases and was chosen Rookie of the Year in 1947. In 1949 he won the batting championship with a .342 average and was voted the league’s most valuable player. He retired from the Dodgers in 1956 with a career batting average of .311. In his later years he strongly supported the cause of civil rights for African Americans.
