Liaoning , formerly (1903–28) Fengtian or Feng-t’ien, Province, northeastern China. Area: 58,300 sq mi (151,000 sq km). Population: (2020) 42,591,407. Capital: Shenyang. Bordered by the Yellow Sea, North Korea, Jilin and Hebei provinces, and Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Liaoning is the southernmost of the three provinces that form China’s Northeast (formerly Manchuria). Liaoning has four main topographical regions: the central plains, the Liaodong Peninsula, the western highlands, and the eastern mountain zone. In 1932–45 it was part of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. Shenyang was taken by the Chinese communists in 1948. Liaoning is China’s most-industrialized province, producing steel, cement, crude oil, and electrical power.
