headhunting, Practice of removing, displaying, and in some cases preserving human heads. Headhunting arises in some cultures from a belief in the existence of a more or less material soul that resides in the head. The headhunter seeks, through decapitation of his enemies, to transfer this soul matter to himself and his community. Headhunting is thus sometimes found with certain forms of cannibalism as well as with human sacrifice. It has been practiced worldwide and may date to Paleolithic times. The region of Assam in northeastern India was home to many headhunting peoples. In South America, the skull was removed and the skin was packed with hot sand to create a shrunken head.
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