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computer chip
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computer chip. computer. Hand holding computer chip. Central processing unit (CPU). history and society, science and technology, microchip, microprocessor motherboard computer Circuit Board
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Technician operates the system console on the new UNIVAC 1100/83 computer at the Fleet Analysis Center, Corona Annex, Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach, CA. June 1, 1981. Univac magnetic tape drivers or readers in background. Universal Automatic Computer
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computer chip

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Also known as: chip
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Also called:
chip

computer chip, integrated circuit or small wafer of semiconductor material embedded with integrated circuitry. Chips comprise the processing and memory units of the modern digital computer (see microprocessor; RAM). Chip making is extremely precise and is usually done in a “clean room,” since even microscopic contamination could render a chip defective. As transistor components shrank, the number per chip doubled about every 18 months (a phenomenon known as Moore’s law), from a few thousand in 1971 (Intel Corp.’s first chip) to more than 10 billion in 2016. Nanotechnology made transistors even smaller and chips correspondingly more powerful as the technology advanced.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Erik Gregersen.