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klystron
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klystron, thermionic electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by controlling the speed of a stream of electrons. The electrons are originally accelerated to high velocity by a potential of several hundred volts and enter a narrow gap that forms part of a cavity resonator system (see figure), where they are acted upon by a radio-frequency field, which causes a bunching-up effect. Amplitude modulation of the electrons in their bunched-up state induces a strong signal as the stream passes through the gap of a second resonator. Klystrons are used in ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) circuits, such as UHF television transmission, and for microwave radar sources, where they can produce oscillations up to 400 gigahertz, in the short microwave range.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Erik Gregersen.