Radiation measurement - Geiger-Muller, Detection, Counting

radiation measurement

Table of Contents

Introduction
Radiation interactions in matter
- Interactions of heavy charged particles
- Interactions of fast electrons
- Interactions of gamma rays and X rays
  - Photoelectric absorption
  - Compton scattering
  - Pair production
  - Role of energy and atomic number
- Interactions of neutrons
  - Slow neutrons
  - Fast neutrons
- Applications of radiation interactions in detectors
Passive detectors
- Photographic emulsions
  - Radiographic films
  - Nuclear emulsions
  - Film badge dosimeters
- Thermoluminescent materials
- Memory phosphors
- Track-etch detectors
- Neutron-activation foils
- Bubble detector
Active detectors
- Modes of operation
  - Current mode
  - Integrating mode
  - Pulse mode
- Counting and spectroscopy systems
  - Counting systems
  - Spectroscopy systems
- Detection efficiency
- Timing characteristics
- Gas-filled detectors
  - Ion chambers
  - Proportional counters
  - Geiger-Müller counters
- Semiconductor detectors
  - Silicon detectors
  - Germanium detectors
- Scintillation and Cherenkov detectors
  - Scintillators
  - Inorganic scintillators
  - Organic scintillators
  - Cherenkov detectors
  - Conversion of light to charge
- Neutron detectors
  - Slow-neutron detectors
  - Fast-neutron detectors

References & Edit History Related Topics

Images

detector output connected to a measuring circuit

current-voltage characteristics of an ion chamber

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In a Townsend avalanche there are many excited molecules formed in addition to the secondary ions. Within a few nanoseconds, many of these excited molecules return to their ground state by emitting an ultraviolet photon. This light may travel centimetres through the gas before being reabsorbed, either in a photoelectric interaction involving a less tightly bound shell of a gas atom or at a solid surface. If a free electron is liberated in this absorption process, it will begin to drift toward the anode wire and can produce its own avalanche. By this mechanism, one avalanche can breed another, spreading ...(100 of 17010 words)

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