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Deep Blue
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Garry Kasparov and Deep Blue
Garry Kasparov and Deep Blue World chess champion Garry Kasparov playing against Deep Blue, the chess-playing computer built by IBM. In 1996 Kasparov won the first match 4−2, but in 1997 he lost to Deep Blue 3 ½−2 ½.

Deep Blue

computer chess-playing system
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Deep Blue, computer chess-playing system designed by IBM in the early 1990s. As the successor to Chiptest and Deep Thought, earlier purpose-built chess computers, Deep Blue was designed to succeed where all others had failed. In 1996 it made history by defeating Russian grandmaster Garry Kasparov in one of their six games—the first time a computer had won a game against a world champion under tournament conditions. In the 1997 rematch, it won the deciding sixth game in only 19 moves; its 3.5–2.5 victory (it won two games and had three draws) marked the first time a current world champion had lost a match to a computer under tournament conditions. In its final configuration, the IBM RS6000/SP computer used 256 processors working in tandem, with an ability to evaluate 200 million chess positions per second.

(Read Garry Kasparov’s Britannica essay on Deep Blue.)

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.