Gardner Museum

Gardner Museum, art collection located chiefly in Fenway Court, Boston. The main building, designed in the style of a 15th-century Venetian palace with a now iconic plant-filled courtyard, houses an eclectic collection that includes sculpture, tapestries, rare books, decorative arts, European paintings by the likes of Raphael and Peter Paul Rubens, and contemporary American art by such artists as James McNeill Whistler and John Singer Sargent.

The museum was the capstone of Isabella Stewart Gardner’s decades of collecting art from her travels with her husband, John (“Jack”) Gardner. The two toured extensively throughout Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, amassing a collection of more than 2,500 objects spanning from antiquity to the 1920s. Many of the works, notably those by the Italian and Dutch masters, were acquired by the famed connoisseur Bernard Berenson. The Gardners planned to open a private museum for their holdings, and, after her husband’s death in 1898, Isabella Stewart Gardner went ahead with the construction of Fenway Court, as the museum’s original building was initially called, the following year. She took an active part in its design and construction. Once the building was completed in 1901, Gardner spent a year carefully curating her collection amid the three floors of intimate gallery spaces. Although many of the rooms focused on a particular school of painting, she combined different media from varying locales and periods hoping to invoke a love for art and not to teach its history. The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (commonly called the Gardner Museum) was opened to the public in 1903, and she hosted concerts and gatherings there throughout the early 20th century, including performances by the popular operatic singer Nellie Melba and the contemporary dancer Ruth St. Denis. Gardner continued to live in a private apartment on the fourth floor until her death in 1924.

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In accordance with Gardner’s will, the Gardner Museum was given to Boston as a public institution with the provision that the collection be maintained precisely as she had arranged it; nothing was to be added, removed, or rearranged. The collection was altered, however, on March 18, 1990, by a major art heist that stripped the museum of 13 valuable works, including those by Johannes Vermeer, Édouard Manet, and Rembrandt van Rijn. The theft, undertaken by two burglars dressed as Boston police officers, was examined in the documentary Stolen (2005). The paintings were never recovered, but most of their frames remain in their original places on the walls in the hope that the art will one day return.

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For all of Gardner’s careful planning, Fenway Court provided less-than-ideal space for amenities that 21st-century museumgoers came to expect, such as a museum store, café, and cloakroom, and the museum sought to expand. In 2009 a Massachusetts court ruled that the museum could depart from the strict terms of Gardner’s will, allowing for a renovation that included a new building designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano. The new space opened in 2012 and included a music performance hall, an exhibition space, conservation laboratories, and greenhouses. The Gardner Museum typically receives more than 200,000 visitors each year.