Kulinism

Kulinism, in Hinduism, caste and marriage rules said to have been introduced by Raja Vallala Sena of Bengal (reigned 1158–69). The name derives from the Sanskrit word kulina (“of good family”). Hypergamy (marrying a bride of a lower caste) was allowed for the top three castes.

Brahmans—members of the highest-ranking Hindu caste—were divided into 36 mels, or groups, that could not intermarry. Within a mel each Brahman member had to be of the same generation in descent from a common ancestor, according to specially kept lists. This produced in time a shortage of approved husbands in the top group and led to polygamy, with a husband sometimes having 50 wives or more, most of whom he neither saw nor maintained. The custom was attacked by reformers in the 19th century and has since died out.