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Phobos-Grunt
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Phobos-Grunt

Russian spacecraft
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Written by
Erik Gregersen
Erik Gregersen is a senior editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica, specializing in the physical sciences and technology. Before joining Britannica in 2007, he worked at the University of Chicago Press on the...
Erik Gregersen
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Article History

Phobos-Grunt, Russian spacecraft that was designed to land on the Martian moon Phobos and bring some of its soil back to Earth. It launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard a Zenit-2 launch vehicle on November 9, 2011. However, Phobos-Grunt (Russian for “Phobos soil”) did not fire its rockets to leave Earth orbit. Subsequent attempts to communicate with the spacecraft were only sporadically successful, and Phobos-Grunt was expected to reenter Earth’s atmosphere in early 2012. Phobos-Grunt was Russia’s first interplanetary spacecraft since 1996 and, had it been successful, would have been Russia’s first mission to Mars that did not ...(100 of 227 words)

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