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All of the philosophical schools and sects of Athens that originated in the 4th century bce continued into late antiquity, most of them until the emperor Justinian I (483–565 ce) ordered them closed in 529 because of their pagan character. Within this period of nearly 1,000 years, only two new schools emerged, neo-Pythagoreanism and Neoplatonism; both were inspired by early Greek philosophy, though only the latter would become historically important. Neoplatonism was established by Ammonius Saccas (fl. early 3rd century ce), who had been brought up as a Christian but had abandoned his religion for the study of Plato. Because ...(100 of 35943 words)