chambre ardente

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Saint Lucia Day. Young girl wears Lucia crown (tinsel halo) with candles. Holds Saint Lucia Day currant laced saffron buns (lussekatter or Lucia's cats). Observed December 13 honor virgin martyr Santa Lucia (St. Lucy). Luciadagen, Christmas, Sweden

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King Cobra snake in Malaysia. (reptile)

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Nativity Scene, Adoration of the Magi, Church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Montenegro

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Four year old boy with grandfather and father lighting Hanukkah menorah. Photo taken on: December 21st, 2009

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The Jeff Koons tulips sculputure outside the Guggenheim Museums in Bilbao, Spain, Basque Country.

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Facsimile of one of William Henry Ireland's forgeries, a primitive self-portrait of William Shakespeare(tinted engraving). Published for Samuel Ireland, Norfolk Street, Strand, December 1, 1795. (W.H. Ireland, forgery)

The Time a Law Clerk Successfully Forged a New Shakespeare Play to Impress His Dad

Panama Canal infographic

Timeline and Map of the Panama Canal

chambre ardente

French government

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creation by Henry II

In Henry II
In 1547 he created the Chambre Ardente in the Parlement of Paris for trying heretics. His Edict of Écouen (1559) laid the ground for systematic persecution of the Protestants.
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effect on French Calvinism

In France: The age of the Reformation
…up a special court (the chambre ardente) to deal with heresy and issuing further repressive edicts, such as that of Écouen in 1559. His sudden death from a jousting accident in 1559 and the demise the following year of his eldest son, Francis II, left royal policy uncertain. Meanwhile, the…
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formation during Affair of the Poisons

In Affair of the Poisons
…the accused, known as the chambre ardente, was created in April 1679. It held 210 sessions at the Arsenal in Paris, issued 319 writs of arrest, and sentenced 36 persons to death, including the poisoner La Voisin (Catherine Deshayes, Madame Monvoisin), who was burned on Feb. 22, 1680.
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