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Substantive criminal law is composed of the following elements: the definitions of the types of offenses that are held to be punishable; the classification of crimes (as, for example, felonies and misdemeanours in the United States, or crime, délit, and contravention in continental law); the principles and doctrines applied to the judgment of crime that qualify the provisions of criminal legislation (such as self-defense, necessity, insanity, and so forth); and principles determining national jurisdiction over crimes with an international aspect (crimes committed by foreigners, by nationals abroad, or on ships and aircraft outside the national territory and waters). The principle ...(100 of 5334 words)